A recent NY Times article discusses the alarming fact that hip injuries are on the rise. They point out that this may be due to changes in usage, early introduction into sports causing bony changes in the hip socket, and better imaging detecting labral tears earlier.
All of these are feasable explanations but in my experience, hip pain and specifically labral tears are often caused by poor femoral head tracking in the hip socket due to poor strength of muscles responsible for the tracking as well as poor walking or running biomechanics. Labral tears are only one symptom of this problem. Others include hip bursitis (greater trochanteric bursits), ITB friction syndrome, chronic groin strain/pain, sciatic pain, and knee pain.
Poor tracking of the femoral head typically results in the head sliding forward. This impinges tissues in the front of the hip and can eventually break down the labrum causing tears. Especially in high level athletes, which the NY Times article is primarily concerned about, precise tracking becomes even more critical due to the extreme forces acting through the joint. Minor alterations in the quality of femoral tracking while walking or running become major problems for professional athletes due to the frequency and force they undergo. Others who don’t make a living playing sports typically don’t put their bodies through the same stresses and therefore can get away with minor tracking problems.
Very often these tracking problems can be resolved with proper diagnosis and training. Treatment centers around specific muscle testing combined with gait analysis to observe the person’s walking and running habits. Specific exercises to correct muscular weakness is only part of the answer. The real key is learning how to walk and run while activating the correct hip musculature. This is simpler than it sounds. I just worked with a marathon runner with these tracking problems and consequent pain who resolved her issues within a week. Her leg would begin to drag after 15 miles of running and now she has just qualified for the Boston Marathon.